* - int.init - default initializer for ints

* - int.mangleof - yields the string "i"

* - int.stringof - yields the string "int"

* - (1+2).stringof - yields the string "1 + 2"

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.init Property

.init produces a constant expression that is the default initializer. If applied to a type, it is the default initializer for that type. If applied to a variable or field, it is the default initializer for that variable or field's type.

int a;
int b = 1;

int.init // is 0
a.init   // is 0
b.init   // is 0

struct Foo
{
    int a;
    int b = 7;
}

Foo.init.a  // is 0
Foo.init.b  // is 7

Note: .init produces a default initialized object, not default constructed. If there is a default constructor for an object, it may produce a different value.

1. If T is a nested struct, the context pointer in T.init is null.

   void main()
   {
       int x;
       struct S
       {
           void foo() { x = 1; }  // access x in enclosing scope via context pointer
       }
       S s1;           // OK. S() correctly initialize its context pointer.
       S s2 = S();     // OK. same as s1
       S s3 = S.init;  // Bad. the context pointer in s3 is null
       s3.foo();       // Access violation
   }

2. If T is a struct which has @disable this();, T.init might return a logically incorrect object.

   struct S
   {
       int x;
       @disable this();
       this(int n) { x = n; }
       invariant { assert(x > 0); }
       void check() {}
   }
   
   void main()
   {
     //S s1;           // Error: variable s1 initializer required for type S
     //S s2 = S();     // Error: constructor S.this is not callable
                       // because it is annotated with @disable
       S s3 = S.init;  // Bad. s3.x == 0, and it violates the invariant of S
       s3.check();     // Assertion failure
   }

.stringof Property

.stringof produces a constant string that is the source representation of its prefix. If applied to a type, it is the string for that type. If applied to an expression, it is the source representation of that expression. The expression will not be evaluated.

module test;
import std.stdio;

struct Dog { }

enum Color { Red }

int i = 4;

void main()
{
    writeln((1+2).stringof);       // "1 + 2"
    writeln(Dog.stringof);         // "Dog"
    writeln(test.Dog.stringof);    // "Dog"
    writeln(int.stringof);         // "int"
    writeln((int*[5][]).stringof); // "int*[5][]"
    writeln(Color.Red.stringof);   // "Red"
    writeln((5).stringof);         // "5"

    writeln((++i).stringof);       // "i += 1"
    writeln(i);                    // 4
}

.sizeof Property

e.sizeof gives the size in bytes of the expression e.

When getting the size of a member, it is not necessary for there to be a this object:

struct S
{
    int a;
    static int foo()
    {
        return a.sizeof; // returns 4
    }
}

void test()
{
    int x = S.a.sizeof; // sets x to 4
}

.sizeof applied to a class object returns the size of the class reference, not the class instantiation.

.alignof Property

.alignof gives the aligned size of an expression or type. For example, an aligned size of 1 means that it is aligned on a byte boundary, 4 means it is aligned on a 32 bit boundary.

.mangleof Property

Mangling refers to how a symbol is represented in text form in the generated object file. .mangleof returns a string literal of the representation of the type or symbol it is applied to. The mangling of types and symbols with D linkage is defined by Name Mangling.

.classinfo Property

.classinfo provides information about the dynamic type of a class object. It returns a reference to type TypeInfo_Class.

.classinfo applied to an interface gives the information for the interface, not the class it might be an instance of.

User-Defined Properties

User-defined properties can be created using Property Functions.

type, Types, attribute, Attributes