Given two ranges of observations of jointly distributed variables x, y, tests the null hypothesis that values in x are independent of the corresponding values in y. This is done using the Likelihood Ratio G test. Usage is similar to chiSquareObs. For an otherwise identical test that assumes the data has already been tabulated into a contingency table, see gTestContingency.

Note: This test can be thought of as a test for nonzero mutual information between x and y, since the test statistic and P-value are strictly increasing and strictly decreasing, respectively, in mutual information. Therefore, this function returns a GTestRes, which is a subtype of TestRes and also gives the mutual information for use in information theoretic settings.